Application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in the detection of pathogenic bacteria in brain abscesses / 中国综合临床

Objective:To analyze the application value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in the detection of pathogenic bacteria in brain abscesses.Methods:The data of patients with brain abscess in Tianjin Huanhu Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent stereotaxic abscess puncture and drainage. According to the different methods of pathogen detection, they were divided into bacterial culture group (bacterial culture only) and mNGS group (bacterial culture with mNGS). The clinical symptoms, abscess site, bacterial culture and mNGS results, antibiotic application protocol and prognosis of the patients were analyzed. The bacterial detection results of the two groups were analyzed, and the antibiotic application and prognosis were compared. χ 2 test, exact probability method and Mann Whitney test were used to compare the difference between the two groups. Results:A total of 43 patients with brain abscess were enrolled, including 21 cases in bacterial culture group and 22 cases in mNGS group. The positive rate of bacteria culture group was 42.9% (9/21), the positive rate of bacteria culture group was 45.5% (10/22), and the positive rate of mNGS detection was 100% (22/22). Only 3 cases in the bacterial culture group could have a clear bacterial source, while 17 cases in the mNGS group could have a clear bacterial source according to the bacterial results, showing a significant statistical difference between the two groups (χ 2=19.69, P<0.001). The return time of bacterial culture was 7.0 (4.0,7.0) days, and the average return time of mNGS was 1.5 (1.5,1.5) days, the difference of bacterial return time between the two groups was statistically significant ( Z=0.00, P<0.001). The cost of antibiotic use in bacterial culture group was 24.00 (5.60,31.00) thousands yuan, and the cost of antibiotic use in mNGS group was 12.00 (2.10, 20.00) thousands yuan, and there was significant statistical difference between them ( Z=5.22, P=0.026). Conclusions:MNGS can quickly and accurately identify the types and sources of brain abscess pathogens, guide the clinical application of antibiotics more targeted, reduce the cost of antibiotic use, and is an effective method for the detection of brain abscess pathogenic bacteria.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Polymerase Chain Reaction in the Diagnosis of Neonatal Bacterial Meningitis: A Single-Center Experience From Vietnam

Objective: To compare the performance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with bacterial culture for the diagnosis of neonatal bacterial meningitis (NBM). Method: The CSF analysis of neonate with confirmed bacterial meningitis was performed with PCR and bacterial culture, and results were compared. Result: Among 24 neonates, the pathogens Identified included E. coli K1, GBS, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Listeria. PCR identified 20 (83.3%) pathogens, and culture 4 (16.7%) pathogens. Prior antibiotics were administered to 20 (83.3%) neonates in whom PCR identified 17 (85%) and culture 3 (15%) pathogens. Conclusion: CSF PCR had a higher yield of pathogens than CSF culture in confirmed neonatal bacterial meningitis with a high rate of prior antibiotic therapy.

Application of bacterial culture and nucleic acid detection in the diagnosis of pertussis in children / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of pertussis cases diagnosed by two pathological detection methods: bacterial culture and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and to explore the applicable value of two pathological detection methods in the diagnosis of pertussis.Methods:Bilateral nasopharyngeal swabs and clinical information of 165 children suspected of pertussis were collected by Hebei Children′s Hospital from April 2019 to January 2020. The bacterial culture and RT-PCR for nasopharyngeal swab specimens were performed in all cases. Chi-square test was used to analyze the cases of pertussis diagnosed by the above two methods.Results:Based on clinical diagnosis, the sensitivity of bacterial culture and RT-PCR for the diagnosis of pertussis was 61.70% (58/94) and 86.17% (81/94), and the specificity was 92.96% (66/71) and 71.83% (51/71), respectively. The positive rate of RT-PCR in children of all ages, seasons and cough courses is higher than that of bacterial culture. Children with pertussis diagnosed by bacterial culture and RT-PCR were basically similar in age, season, and cough course distribution, with the most common cases ≤3 months old, a high incidence trend in summer and autumn, and the course of coughing in children was mostly within 15-21days. The positive rate of bacterial culture in the diagnosis of pertussis in children is affected by the age of the children, and there are statistical differences between children in different age groups (χ2= 11.929, P=0.036). The positive rate of bacterial culture was the highest in children with >3 years old (51.85% [14/27]), followed by children with ≤3 months old (48.72% [19/39]), and the lowest in children with >6-12 months old (15.00% [3/20]). Moreover, the positive rate of bacterial culture in the diagnosis of pertussis in children is also affected by the cough course of the children, and there are statistical differences between children in different cough course groups (χ2=9.841, P=0.020). The positive rate of bacterial culture was the highest in children with cough course 15-21 days (49.23% [32/65]), followed by 43.59% (17/39) in children with cough course 8-14 days, and the lowest in children with cough course of less than 7 days (22.86% [8/35]). Conclusions:Compared with RT-PCR, bacterial culture has lower sensitivity and higher specificity in the detection of pertussis. These two detection methods have their own advantages and limitations. Medical institutions at all levels should comprehensively analyze different laboratory detection methods. Only by combining the two methods can the diagnostic value and level be effectively improved.

The value of next-generation sequencing for the diagnosis of Streptococcus suis meningitis

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the value of next-generation sequencing for the diagnosis of Streptococcus suis meningitis. METHODS: Patients with meningitis in the Department of Neurology of the Hainan General Hospital were recruited and divided into a next-generation sequencing group and a control group. In the next-generation sequencing group, we used the next-generation sequencing method to detect the specific pathogenic bacteria in the patients. In the control group, we used the cerebrospinal fluid bacterial culture method to detect the specific pathogenic bacteria in the patients. RESULTS: A total of 28 participants were recruited for this study, with 14 participants in each group. The results showed similarities in both the average age and average course of the disease between the two groups (p>0.05). The white blood cell count, percentage of neutrophils, and level of C-reactive protein in the next-generation sequencing group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p<0.05). There were similarities in both the temperature and intracranial pressure between the two groups (p>0.05). In the next-generation sequencing group, all patients (100%) were detected as having had the S. suis meningitis infection by next-generation sequencing, while only 6 (43%) patients in the control group had been detected as having the S. suis meningitis infection by cerebrospinal fluid bacterial culture. CONCLUSIONS: The positive detection rate of S. suis by the next-generation sequencing method was significantly higher compared with using a cerebrospinal fluid bacterial culture. Therefore, the next-generation sequencing method is valuable for the diagnosis of S. suis meningitis and is worthy of clinical application.

Application of bacterial culture, polymerase chain reaction and serum antibody detection in the diagnosis of pertussis in children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To evaluate the auxiliary diagnosis value of bacterial culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serum anti-pertussis toxin immunoglobulin G (AntiPT-IgG) level detection in suspected pertussis.Methods:A total of 110 suspected cases of pertussis treated in the Department of Pediatrics of Wuhu No.1 People′s Hospital from June 2018 to May 2019 were recruited for the study.The nasopharyngeal swabs of all cases were collected for Bordetella pertussis culture and specific nucleic acid PCR detection.Serum samples of 78 cases were collected for the detection of AntiPT-IgG level by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays.Results:The positive rates of bacterial culture group and PCR group were 21.8% and 30.0%, respectively, with no statistically significant difference ( χ2=1.198, P>0.05). The culture positive rate of cases with the duration of cough<2 weeks was 32.1%, which was signi-ficantly higher than that of cases with the duration of cough about 2-4 weeks (14.3%) or >4 weeks (9.1%) ( χ2=6.522, P<0.05). The PCR positive rate of cases with the duration of cough <2 weeks was 39.6%, which was also significantly higher than that of cases with the duration of cough about 2-4 weeks (25.7%) or > 4 weeks (13.6%) ( χ2=6.126, P<0.05). The mean value for serum AntiPT-IgG level of 78 cases was (75.727±78.454) IU/mL, the median AntiPT-IgG levels of cases with the duration of cough<2 weeks and about 2-4 weeks were 5.909 IU/mL and 20.948 IU/mL, respectively, and the positive rates were 14.7% and 38.1%, respectively.The AntiPT-IgG level of cases with the duration of cough> 4 weeks and that at convalescent stage were (79.281±68.254) IU/mL and (107.242±75.750) IU/mL, and the positive rates were 39.1% and 57.1%, respectively. Conclusions:In the vaccine era, the results of pathogenic and serological tests should be combined to assist the clinical diagnosis of pertussis.The positive rate of bacterial culture and specific nucleic acid pathogen detection in children with cough duration less than 2 weeks is high, and the serological diagnosis is more effective after the duration of cough is over 4 weeks.

Prevalence of Bacterial Pathogens Isolated in 2018 from Patients in a Military Hospital

Aim:The aim of the present study was to describe the prevalence of bacterial pathogens isolated from patients in a military hospital in Alkharj.Methodology:This was a retrospective study conducted to describe the prevalence of bacterial pathogens in 2018. Clinical culture results were collected from laboratory in a military hospitalfrom 01-01-2018 to31-12-2018.Results:The most common bacteria were Escherichia colibacteria followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Gram negative bacteria were collected mainly by urine culture while gram positive bacteria were collected mainly from wound/pus/skin cultures.Conclusion:In general, from this study it can be concluded that the rate of bacterialinfections is high. It is important to follow the healthcare professional recommendations such as hand washing and other measures to prevent the occurrence of infections. Moreover,health care professional should know the causative bacteria to give the appropriate treatment

Relationship of pathogenic bacteria distribution with drug resistance and treatment cycle for periprosthetic joint infection after total joint arthroplasty / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Understanding the characteristics of bacteriology in periprosthetic joint infection and choosing specific anti-infective drugs are very important to control the periprosthetic joint infection. The results of bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility test can provide important reference for diagnosis and treatment. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in periprosthetic joint infection patients, and analyze the effect of bacterial culture results on the treatment period. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 59 patients who underwent artificial joint revision between September 2015 and September 2019. The infection time, results of bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility test, antibiotics application duration, prosthesis-free interval, total length of hospital stay from infection to renovation, recovery time of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein were collected. The pathogenic bacteria distribution, drug resistance situation and the effect of the pathogenic bacteria and bacterial resistance on antibiotics application duration, prosthesis-free interval, and days in hospital were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Among the 59 patients with periprosthetic joint infection, there were 31 cases of hip joint and 28 cases of knee joint. The highest proportion of periprosthetic joint infection phase was delayed infection (49%). The pathogenic bacteria were cultured from 35 cases, and the positive rate of bacterial culture was 59%. (2) Among the cultured pathogens, staphylococcus aureus accounted for the highest proportion (29%). (3) The pathogenic bacteria of 18 patients were antibiotic resistant, and the drug resistance rate reached 51%. (4) The bacterial cultured negative group had longer prosthesis-free interval and longer recovery times of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein than those of the positive group (P < 0.05). (5) Compared with the group with sensitive antibiotics, the duration of antibiotic application and recovery times of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein were longer in the group with resistant antibiotics (P < 0.05). (6) In this study, the positive rate of bacterial culture in periprosthetic joint infection patients was not high, but the resistance rate of pathogenic bacteria was relatively high; the treatment period with positive pathogenic bacteria and sensitive antibiotics was shorter.

Summary of treatment experience of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection after renal transplantation in DCD era / 器官移植

Objective To summarize the clinical treatment experience of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infection after renal transplantation in donation after cardiac death (DCD) era. Methods Clinical data of 10 donors and 17 recipients with CRKP infection after DCD renal transplantation from January 2015 to January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Both donors and recipients received bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test. Clinical manifestations, treatment and outcome of CRKP-infected recipients were recorded. Results Seven donors were infected with CRKP. After pretreatment, CRKP in 2 cases turned negative, CRKP in 5 donors did not turn negative. All renal grafts were treated with tigecycline+meropenem+voriconazole lavage to prevent infection. Among 17 recipients with CRKP infection, 11 cases were positive for blood culture, 10 positive for urine culture, 3 positive for sputum culture, 3 positive for incisional secretion and 3 positive for retroperitoneal drainage. Clinical manifestations included fever in 8 cases, rupture and hemorrhage of the transplant renal artery in 7 cases or thrombosis in the transplant renal artery in 1 case, bladder irritation sign in 3 cases and cough with brick red jelly-like sputum in 1 case, respectively. Five patients were treated with tigecycline+meropenem, 1 patient suffered from renal graft loss and 4 recipients died. Twelve patients were treated with ceftazidime-avibactam +meropenem, 3 patients presented with renal graft loss and 1 recipient died. Conclusions CRKP-infected donor is not the absolute contraindication of renal transplantation. Pretreatment of donor infection and early administration of sufficient sensitive antibiotics can cure CRKP infection and improve the clinical prognosis of renal transplant recipients.

Effect Of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy On The Bacterial Flora Of Wounds: A Prospective Randomized Study

20 patients were treated with negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) and 20 patients by cotton gauze dressings. Bacterial cultures were done on 0, 4th and 8th day. The bacterial inoculates were compared between these two groups. NPWT was found to decrease pseudomonas species more than the S. aureus or E. coli species. The number of isolates of Pseudomonas decreased from day 0 (n=7) to day 8 (n=2) by NPWT. In the gauze dressing group, the number of isolates marginally increased from day 0 (n=5) to day4 (n=6) and then decreased to the baseline at day 8 (n=5). The number of isolates of E coli under gauze dressings also decreased from day 0 (n=12) to day 8 (n=6). Under NPWT however, lead an only marginal decrease in the number of isolates of E coli from day 0 (n=7) to Day 8 (n=6). Thus, NPWTis more effective to control obligate aerobic bacteria

Distribution of bacteria of wound secretion and drug susceptibility analysis in infected patients from Department of Hand Surgery / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To analyze the results of bacteria distribution of wound secretion and the drug susceptibility test of the infected patients from Department of Hand Surgery, and to provide the evidence for antibiotic selection in the infected patients in early stage of treatment. Methods: The clincal data of hospitalized patients from Department of Hand Surgery were collected. The patients were divided into three groups according to the wound conditions. The patients in Group 1 who had no wound while being in hospital were infected after operation; the patients in Group 2 had the contaminated wound but no infection while being in hospital; the patients in Group 3 had definite infection while being in hospital. The results of bacterium culture of wound secretion and drug susceptibility test of the patients in three groups were analyzed. Results: The clinical data of 297 patients were obtained, including 17 patients from Group 1, 201 patients from Group 2, and 79 patients from Group 3. A total of 406 strains of 54 species of bacteria were isolated from 297 patients, including 178 strains (43. 84%, 178/406) gram-positive bacteria and 228 strains (56. 2%, 228/406) gram-negative bacteria. The four most common strains were Staphylococcus aureus (15.8%, 64/406), Staphylococcus epidermidis (14.0%, 57/406), Enterobacter cloacae (10.3%, 42/406), and Serratia marcescens (9.9%, 40/406). The results of drug susceptibility test showed that the detection rates of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and staphylococcus epidermidis were 9. 4% (6/64) and 72. 0% (46/64), respectively. There were no vancomycin-resistant, linezolidresistant, and tigecycline-resistant positive strains among Staphylococcus susceptibility; and there were no the carbapenem-resistant positive strains among Enterobacter cloacae and Serratia marcescens. The susceptibility rate of Enterobacter cloacae to ceftriaxone was 83. 3% (35/42), and its susceptibility to ceftazidime was 90. 5% (38/42). The susceptibility rate of Serratia marcescens to ceftriaxone was 100.0% (40/40), and its susceptibility to ceftazidime was 97.5% (39/40). Conclusion: The first generation of cephalosporin and penicillinase-stabilized penicillin can be used as the preferred empirical antibiotics for the infected patients from Deparment of Hand Surgery in our hospital. The third and fourth generation cephalosporins and quinolones antibiotics can be used as the preferred antibiotics for the infected patients with open trauma as well as the possibility of G- bacillus infection.

Comparison of the positive rate of microbiological examination in different clinical specimens / 中国基层医药

Objective@#To compare the positive rate of microbiological examination in different clinical specimens, and to provide reliable basis for improving the quality of microbiological examination and management of nosocomial infection.@*Methods@#A total of 2 028 bacterial culture specimens were collected from the hospitalized patients in the Second People's Hospital of Jinanfrom March 2016 to February 2018.The samples were examined by Micro Scan autoSCAN4 automatic bacteriological identification analyzer.Strictly according to the specification of the standard operation, the positive rates of microbial testingof all kinds of clinical specimens were statistically analyzed.@*Results@#The positive rate of microbiological examination in 2 028 clinical specimens was 44.33%.The positive rate of microbiological examination in sputum was the highest(58.96%), followed by ophthalmic secretion(40.64%), eye contents(37.96%), urine(34.55%), blood(21.11%).@*Conclusion@#The positive rate of microbiological examination is different in different clinical specimens.The epidemiological situation of nosocomial infection can be understood by analyzing the microbiological examination of different clinical specimens in clinic.In order to provide a reliable basis for clinical prevention and treatment of nosocomial infection, and to further improve the positive rate of clinical microbiological examination, we should actively carry out improvement countermeasures against its influencing factors.

Clinical study on bacterial colonization on double J tube in pregnant women / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To explore species distribution of bacteria colonizing the indwelling double J tube in pregnant women.Methods From March2013 to December 2017, patients with double J tube during pregnancy in urology department of a hospital were collected.According to the time of indwelling double J tubes, they were divided into group A (indwelling time≤1 month) and group B (indwelling time＞1 month).All patients underwent bladder urine and double J tube bacterial culture before and after extubation.Species and positive detection rates of bacteria in bladder urine and double J tube between two groups were compared and analyzed.Results A total of 237 pregnant women with ureteral obstruction were included in the study, 129 cases in group A and 108 in group B.A total of 78 strains of bacteria were isolated in double J tube culture, 35 strains in group A and 43 in group B.Gram-negative bacilli were predominant in both groups, accounting for 54.29％ and 67.44％ respectively, followed by grampositive cocci, accounting for 37.14％ and 25.58％ respectively;isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli (n=30), Enterococcus spp. (n=12), Staphylococcus spp. (n=12), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=11), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=7) and so on.Positive rate of double J tube bacterial culture was higher than that of bladder urine culture in both group A and group B, difference were both statistically significant (both P＜0.05).Positive rate of double J tube bacterial culture in group B was higher than that in group A (39.81％ VS 27.13％, P＜0.05), but there was no significant difference in the positive rate of bladder urine culture between group A and group B (P＞0.05).Conclusion The main colonized bacteria for pregnant women who are inserted double J tubes are gram-negative bacilli, the longer time the double J tube is placed, the higher rate the bacteria colonize and the higher positive of bacterial culture.

Result Analysis on Bacterial Culture and Drug Susceptibility of Fetal Membranes in Women with Premature Rupture of Membranes / 实用妇产科杂志

Objective..To analyze the bacterial distribution and drug resistance of fetal membrane sample from women suffered premature rupture of membranes(PROM),so as to provide evidence for rational use of antibiotics.Methods:A total of 1041 fetal membrane samples in women with premature rupture of membranes were cultured and drug susceptibility tests were done.Among those samples,258 of them came from women who had used antibiotics during prenatal period,while the others came from women who unused.Results:Among the 1041 fetal membrane samples,369 (35.4％) were infected.The infection of Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 66.7％,whereas gram positive bacteria accounted for 33.1％.The expectant time prolonged,and the positive rate of infection from women with PROM did not increase(P ＞0.05),whereas the positive rate of infection among PPROM increased(P＜0.05).There were 35 strains of bacteria identified in non-antibiotics group during prenatal period,while 17 strains of bacteria were identified in the antibiotics group.The main strain was Escherichia coli which accounted for 59.7％.Escherichia coli were resistant to piperacillin,ampicillin and tetracycline.For the mentioned drugs,the resistance rates were all above 45.0％.The resistance rate of Escherichia coli in antibiotics group was higher than that in the non-antibiotics group(P ＜0.05).The resistance rate of Gram positive bacteria to Nitrofurantoin,Teicoplanin,Vancomycin and Linezolid was 0.Conclusions:Escherichia coli is the main pathogenic bacteria isolated from fetal membrane samples of women with premature rupture of membranes.It is important to use antibiotics rationally according to the feature of pathogenic bacteria.

The Relation between Tympanostomy Tube Otorrhea and Types of Immune Cells in Middle Ear Effusion in Children with Otitis Media with Effusion / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Tympanostomy tube insertion is one of the most common surgical procedures in children. Despite aseptic procedures with prophylactic antibiotic treatment, postoperative otorrhea may be encountered in some patients. The purpose of this study is to identify the relation between the types of immune cells in otitis media with effusion (OME) and tympanostomy tube otorrhea (TTO) in children. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Fifty-six patients underwent tympanostomy tube insertion with OME were analyzed retrospectively. Fluid from OME was harvested by suction via syringe connector after myringotomy. Light microscopic examination of middle ear effusion was performed by a pathologist after hematoxylin and eosin staining. We analyzed the relation between the types of immune cells from middle ear effusion and TTO. RESULTS: Of 56 children, 36 were male and 22 were female. The mean age for tympanostomy tube insertion was 3.56 (±2.63) years, with the average follow-up period of 12.56 (±9.96) months. Neutrophils were detected in 19, eosinophils in 14, lymphocytes in 22, mast cells in 2, plasma cells in 7, and histiocytes in 9. TTO occurred in 15 patients. In patients with early TTO, eosinophils were detected more frequently than in patients without TTO (p=0.006). Plasma cells were detected more frequently in patient with late TTO than without TTO (p=0.011). CONCLUSION: According to the analysis of different types of immune cells, eosinophils in the middle ear effusion related with the occurrence of TTO.

Expression, purification and biological effect of a novel single chain Fv antibody and protamine fusion protein for the targeted delivery of siRNAs to FGFR3 positive cancer cells

Background: Gain-of-function of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) is involved in the pathogenesis of many tumors. More and more studies have focused on the potential usage of therapeutic single-chain Fv (ScFv) antibodies against FGFR3. RNA interference (RNAi) has been considered as a promising therapeutic method against cancer. A tool which can deliver small interference RNAs (siRNAs) into FGFR3 positive cancer cells is very promising for anti-tumor therapy. Results: In this study, a novel fusion protein R3P, which consists of FGFR3-ScFv and protamine, was generated in Escherichia coli by inclusion body expression strategy and Ni-NTA chromatography. Its yield reached 10 mg per liter of bacterial culture and its purity was shown to be higher than 95%. 1 µg of R3P could efficiently bind to about 2.5 pmol siRNAs and deliver siRNAs into FGFR3 positive RT112 and K562 cells. Annexin V staining results showed that R3P can deliver the amplified breast cancer 1 (AIB1) siRNAs to induce RT112 cell apoptosis. Conclusion: These results indicated that R3P was a promising carrier tool to deliver siRNAs into FGFR3 positive cancer cells and to exert anti-tumor effect.

Study on the vaginal bacteria test by PCR and bacterial culture / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To study the effect of PCR and bacterial culture in vaginal bacteria test.Methods A total of 84 patients were enrolled in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, affiliated hospital of Nankai university, from February 2014 to March 2016.Vaginal secretion was collected and tested by PCR(group A, n=42), and bacterial culture(group B, n=42).Vaginal bacteria test Resultswere compared in the two groups.ResultsEnterococcus were positive in 13 cases(30.95%)in group A, 3 cases(7.14%)in group B, gardnerella vaginalis were positive in 10 cases(23.81%)in group A, 19 cases(45.24%)in group B;Corynebacterium were positive in 13 cases(30.95%)in group A, 5 cases(11.91%)in group B.Negative rate of vaginal bacterial test was 14.29% in group A, 35.71% in group B.In the above data, the differences between the 2 groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion PCR test can effectively improve the positive rate of vaginal bacterial examination, and provide an objective basis for clinical treatment.

Study on feasibility of ATP bioluminescence technology applied to disinfection quality monitoring of flexible endoscope / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To explore the feasibility of applying ATP bioluminescence technology to disinfection quality monitoring of the flexible endoscope.Methods Totally 30 flexible endoscopes used repeatedly from October 2014 to March 2015 were randomly selected,and had the disinfection quality monitored by ATP bioluminescence technology and bacterial culture method respectively.Parallel comparison was carried out to evaluate the feasibility of applying ATP bioluminescence technology to disinfection quality monitoring of the flexible endoscope.Results ATP bioluminescence technology showed that the qualification rate of the disinfection was 93.3％,and bacterial culture method found it was 96.7％.The two methods proved the outer surface of the endoscope had the disinfection acceptable while the biopsy hole and intracavity not.There was no significant correlation between the two methods while high consistency between the detection results by the two methods.Conclusion ATP bioluminescence technology can be used for preliminary screening in field,instant and daily monitoring of the medical flexible endoscope,which assists bacterial culture method in disinfection quality monitoring of the flexible endoscope.

Value of Sysmex UF-1000i Urinary Sediment Analyzer in Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infection due to Different Urinary Specimen Collection Methods / 医学研究杂志

Objective To explore the value of Sysmex UF-1000i urinary sediment analyzer in diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) and clarify the influence caused by different specimen on UF-1000i diagnosing UTI.Methods Totally 466 specimens examined bacterial culture and routine urinalysis were collected from patients suspected of UTI during July and August,2015 (samples of group A).148 specimens during late March and early April were gathered to implement a urine culture and then the rest of urine were detected byUF -1000i urinary sediment analyzer instantly(samples of group B).Bacteria and leukocyte counts were gathered and then receiver operating characteristic (ROC) carve was drawn regarding thegold standard as bacterial culture by SPSS18.0.Next,the threshold values of bacteria and leukocyte counts for diagnosis of UTI were found out.Meanwhile,itssensitivity,specificity,positive/negative predictive value,false positive/false negative value,and diagnostic accuracy were calculated.Results The cut off values to samples of group A were101.7 bacteria/μl and 18.8WBC/μl respectively and to samples of group B were 98.7 bacteria/μl and 11.1WBC/μl respectively.The area of Bacteria and leukocyte counts under ROC carve was 0.604 and 0.661 to samples of group A and 0.941 and 0.848 to samples Of group B.To samples of group B,combined Bacteria and leukocyte counts for UTI,the optimum sensitivity was 82.4％,specificity was 92.1％,positive predictive value was 77.8％,negative predictive value was 93.8％,false positive rate was 7.9％,false negative rate was 17.6％,and accuracy was 89.9％.Bacterial culture was reduced by 70.9％.Conclusion UF-1000i urine sediment analyzers have the value of early screening value and help to diagnose UTI.Urine that was sterilely collected and examined within two hours can make the value of UF-1000i maximized.

Hand hygiene among healthcare workers in primary medical institutions in Shijiazhuang / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To understand hand hygiene(HH) among health care workers(HCWs) in primary medical institutions in Shijiazhuang,and evaluate HH compliance,so as to formulate the strategy for HH management.Methods In 2015,one county-level comprehensive medical institution and two township medical institutions from each of seven counties of Shijiazhuang city were randomly selected,HH qualified rates of HCWs in all divisions of internal medicine before clinical procedures and after HH were analyzed statistically.Results 118 HCWs before clinical procedures and 130 HCWs after HH were monitored.The qualified rate of HH of physicians and nurses before clinical procedures were 44.26％ (27/61) and 40.35％ (23/57) respectively;HH qualified rate of nurses in township hospitals before clinical procedures were higher than county-level hospitals(x2 =6.447,P =0.011);the qualified rate of HH of physicians and nurses after HH were 98.41 ％ (62/63) and 98.51 ％ (66/67) respectively;there were significant differences in the qualified rates before clinical procedures as well as after HH in HCWs at different levels and types of medical institutions(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The qualified rate of HH among HCWs in primary medical institutions in Shijiazhuang before clinical procedures is low,medical institutions should improve the HH compliance among HCWs from various aspects.

Sterile Pyometra in Two Dogs

Two young dogs were referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Konkuk University, one for examination of vaginal discharge and the other after being hit by a car. Dog 1 exhibited a high neutrophil count on Gram-stained vaginal smears, marked leukocytosis on a complete blood count, and uterine enlargement on ultrasonography. In dog 2, a markedly enlarged right uterine horn containing echogenic debris was found incidentally on ultrasonography. A tentative diagnosis of pyometra was made in both cases and ovariohysterectomy was performed. Purulent material was collected from each uterine horn and submitted separately for aerobic and anaerobic bacterial culture; all culture results were negative. The white blood cell count revealed normal limits 2 days post operation in dog 1 and 4 days post operation in dog 2. Positive bacterial cultures are usually obtained from dogs with pyometra, and antibiotic selection is based on the results of culture and sensitivity testing in the event of failure of empiric antibiotic therapy. However, in the cases reported here, no bacterial growth was identified from the uterine samples despite the presence of purulent material. A short course of empiric antibiotic therapy was administered. This is the first known report describing sterile pyometra in dogs.